Thursday, June 10, 2010

Other and Another

Ambas palabras pueden traducirse como otro(a) u otros(as) y funcionan como adjetivo o pronombre en el contexto adecuado. Por eso, es necesario saber cuándo debemos usar cada uno.

Usamos another + un sustantivo singular [a,b]
• para introducir a alguien o a algo por primera vez en la conversación. Es decir, el interlocutor no está familiarizado con él o eso. ej. Another man booked into the hotel last night.
• para indicar que es uno más de varios. ej. Tikal is one of Guatemala’s most beautiful locations. Another one[c] is Atitlán.
• para indicar que es uno adicional. ej. I’ll have another drink.
• para referirnos a uno distinto. ej. This plate is dirty. Can I have another (one)?

Usamos the other + un sustantivo singular [d]
• para indicar que nos referimos al único restante. ej. Write it down on the other side of the page.

Nota que another es una palabra compuesta de la unión del artículo indefinido ‘an’ y ‘other’. Si recuerdas las reglas de uso de los artículos definidos e indefinidos, será muy fácil recordar cuándo usar another y the other. Por ejemplo, dices ‘Give me the other book’ si solamente hay otro libro más o si el interlocutor sabe a qué libro te refieres. Pero dices ‘Give me another book’ para pedir uno (cualquiera) de los muchos libros que hay.

Usamos other + un sustantivo plural
• para indicar algunos de los restantes, pero no todos. ej. Some friends of mine called me to wish me a happy birthday. Other friends sent an email.
Usamos the other + un sustantivo plural [d]
• para referirnos a todos los restantes. ej. Two soldiers died in the mission. The other ones are still hospitalized.
Ahora bien, other se convierte en others[e] cuando se omite el sustantivo plural o el pronombre ones. ej. The others are still hospitalized. En este caso, the others puede traducirse como ‘los otros’ o como ‘los demás’.

Usamos la construcción # + other + sustantivo
• cuando queremos especificar y/o enfatizar el número de elementos a los que nos referimos. ej. He didn’t come alone. Three other guys are waiting outside.
Observa que esta construcción admite únicamente el uso de other, incluso cuando se trata de un sustantivo singular. Por ejemplo, Only one other person knows about it.[f]

Podemos combinar other con los determinantes some y any,[g] y con el adjetivo no. Generalmente usamos some en enunciados positivos y any en preguntas y enunciados negativos.[h] Por ejemplo, puedes decir I’d like to consider some other options. (Positivo) – Are there any other options? (Pregunta) – I don’t see any other option but to just go ahead and do it. (Negativo) En el caso de no other, lo usamos para enunciados negativos como There’s no other option. (No hay otra opción); o bien, con el signficado de ninguno(a). ej. She sings like no other (Ella canta como ninguna (otra) – Es decir, ella tiene un talento único).

Finalmente, al igual que en español, decimos the other day (el otro día) para referirnos a un día en el pasado cercano y que probablemente no fue ayer. ej. Mike called the other day. Y decimos another day (otro día) para referirnos a un día en el futuro y que probablemente no será mañana. ej. I’ll do it another day.
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a Al referirse a un grupo y no a elementos individuales, another también puede utilizarse con la construcción another + # (+ sustantivo plural). Debes tener cuidado de colocar el número después y no antes de another. Por ejemplo, I've delivered all the flyers I had. Can I have another 50 (flyers)? / Can I have another 50 of them?. (i.e. one more ‘group’ of 50). En este caso, no te refieres a cada uno de los 50 volantes de forma individual, sino a un paquete o grupo de 50.

b Otra construcción que implica singularidad y por tanto admite el uso de another es another (one) of + determinante + sustantivo plural. Por ejemplo, I got another of those calls yesterday. She was to become another of his stars.

c Puedes utilizar one o ones en lugar de un sustantivo.

d Si usas un adjetivo posesivo (my, your, …) debes omitir el artículo the. ej. Compared to math, my other classes are easy.

e Another NO tiene plural.

f El único caso en el que un número precede a another es en la expresión one another, que es la versión formal y plural de each other. Para leer más sobre esta expresión, ve aquí:
http://es-xchange.blogspot.com/2007/01/dos-o-ms.html

g Después de no, some o any, another cambia a other. Por ejemplo, Can you call me another day? (¿Me puedes llamar otro día?)→ Can you call me any other day? (¿Me puedes llamar cualquier otro día?)→ Can you call me some other day? (Me puedes llamar algún otro día?). Nota que another también puede usarse para formular una pregunta. Esto lo hacemos cuando nos referimos a un solo elemento (como el ejemplo anterior).[a] También lo podemos hacer –aunque aquí también es válido el uso de any other– cuando esperamos que la respuesta sea una sola. Por ejemplo, Do you speak another language? Do you speak any other language? .

◊ Other is an adjective meaning 'different' and is used as follows :
- This car park is closed but the other car park is open.
- Some children learn quickly but other children need more time.
◊ Other can also be used as a pronoun to refer to things or people.
- 80% of the students arrive on time.
- The others ( = the other students) are always late.
◊ Another expresses quantity, something extra or additional.
- There are 6 people for dinner but there are only 5 plates.
We need another plate.

A. OTHER
FORMS

Adjective:
• Singular : another
• Plural: other

Pronoun:
• Singular: another
• Plural: others

Examples:
• Have you met Bill's sisters?
• I've met one. I didn't know he had another (=sister)
• Oh! He has two others. (=sisters)
B. One / Another / Some others
• One student suggested a play, another a song, some others wanted a concert.
• Some tourists went to the beach, some others explored the town.
C. EACH OTHER / ONE ANOTHER
• each other = two or more
We see each other at the office every day.
Tom and Ann looked at one another / each other.
• one another = only for two

Tom and Ann no longer speak to one another.
• another one = one more (used as a pronoun)
- Would you like another cup of tea?
- Yes, I'd like another one, please.
Another-others-other

1)We are a long way ahead; let's wait for the other people/the others(*Not the others people or * others = the rest of the people)

2) There must be another way of solving the problem (*not *other way*)( = a different way)

3) There must be other ways of solving the problem (* Not others ways; =some different ways)

4) Do you need another chair? ( = an additional one, one more)

5) Give me another cup. This one's cracked.
(*Not *an other* *one more*) (= a different one)


These examples have a little explanation between brackets.

Another can mean"an additional, extra" It is used with singular C nouns.
It can also be used as a pronoun without a noun, or with "one."
Those cakes are wonderful. Could I have another (one)?
We can also use "another" before "few" and when a number of things is mentioned
I'm staying for another few weeks
We need another three chairs
Meaning "alternative"
Eg, >>>>>>I think we should consult another doctor
Have you got any other colours, or are these the only ones?

As for "others" is basically used alone if it refers to a noun that has been mentioned previously
Eg, Jake's arrived- I must tell the others!


Important!!! When you want to say "different" DO NOT USE "other" but "different"
Eg, I'd prefer a completely different color (NOT completely other color)


1. Give me ________ chance!
another ....
other
different

2. He doesn't get along well with ________ children.
another
other.....
different

3. She's not like other girls. She's ________.
different....
other
another

4. He is such a player (mujeriego). He goes out with a ________ girl every week.
other
another
different....

5. You didn't like that book? I have some ________ books you can read.
another
other....
different

6. I'll have ________ beer, please.
other
different
another....

7. I can't meet you today. Let's do it some ________ time.
other....
another
different

8. This dish is made up of a lot of ________ vegetables.
different....
other
another

9. You have to choose a ________ topic.
other
different....
another

10. You have to choose ________ topic.
other
different
another....