Conditionals

Mother: “Greg, I want to make a cake this afternoon. Will you help me?” Greg: “If I have time, I will help you.”
Mother: “Greg, I am going to make the cake now. Can you help me?” Greg: “If I had time, I’d help you. But I have to do my homework.”
Mother: “Now I’ve made the cake myself. Why didn’t you help me?” Greg: “If I’d had time, I would have helped you. But I had to do my homework.”

                             Condicional

I would go. Yo iría.

We would study. Estudiaríamos.

Contracted Form:

I would	I'd [aid]
You would	You'd [iud]
He would	He'd [hid]
She would	She'd [shid]
It would	It'd [Itd]
We would	We'd
They would	They'd

We’d go to Paris. Iríamos a Paris.

Conditional Cero

Este condicional refiere a una situación que es siempre verdadera (verdades universales):

• If you freeze water, it turns into ice.
  Si congelas el agua, se convierte en hielo.
• If I work too much, I get tired.
  Si trabajo demasiado, me canso.
• If I have time, I go to the movies.
  Si tengo tiempo, voy al cine.
• If she eats fish, she gets an allergy.
  Si ella come pescado, le da alergia.
• If they come here, they always bring a present.
  Si ellos vienen aquí, siempre traen un regalo.
• If she doesn't know the answer, she keeps silent.
  Si ella no sabe la respuesta, se mantiene en silencio.
• If we don't go out on Saturdays, we rent a video and stay home.
  Si no salimos los sábados, alquilamos un video y nos quedamos en casa.

Primer Condicional

Se emplea cuando una situación es real o posible. Se forma con if + simple present + simple future.

If + Present tense

will / can / may / must + verb

·  If it rains today, I'll stay at home.
Si llueve hoy, me quedaré en casa.

·  If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow.
Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañana.

·  If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon.
Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta tarde.

·  If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playa.

·  If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes.
Si está frío, debes usar ropa abrigada.

·  If he doesn't do his homework, he can not go to the party.
Si él no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta.

·  If she doesn't call you, you can call her.
Si ella no te llama, tú puedes llamarla.

·  If they don't invite you, you must not go.
Si ellos no te invitan, no debes ir.

·  If we don't hurry, we'll miss our bus.
Si no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro autobus.

·  If you pay now, you'll get a discount.
Si pagas ahora, obtendrás un descuento.

·  If they don't want to go out, they can stay home.
Si no quieren salir, se pueden quedar en casa.

·  If you drink too much, you'll get drunk.
Si bebes demasiado, te emborracharás.

·  If you feel sick, you must stay in bed.
Si te sientes enfermo, debes quedarte en cama.

·  If they don't come here, we'll have to go there.
Si ellos no vienen aquí, tendremos que ir allí.

Segundo Condicional

Refiere a una situación hipotética y se forma según la estructura if + simple past + simple condicional.

If + Past Simple

would / could / might + verb

·  If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
Si ganara la lotería, viajaría por todo el mundo.

·  If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro.
Si yo estuviese en Brasil, iría a Río de Janeiro.

·  If I were you, I would buy that car.
Si yo fuese tú, compraría ese auto.

·  If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this.
Si él estuviese en mi lugar, no haría esto.

·  If I had more money, I would buy a nice apartment.
Si yo tuviese más dinero, me compraría un lindo apartamento.

·  If she had more time, she would travel more often.
Si ella tuviera más tiempo, viajaría más a menudo.

·  If it were not raining, we could go out.
Si no estuviese lloviendo, podríamos salir.

·  If they won the lottery, they wouldn't work any more.
Si ellos ganaran la lotería, no trabajarían más.

·  If I saw her, I would ask her out.
Si la viera, la invitaría a salir.

·  If you went to Brazil, you wouldn't want to come back.
Si fueras a Brazil, no querrías regresar.

·  If they spoke Spanish, we would understand them.
Si ellos hablasen español, los entenderíamos.

·  If he didn't live by the river, he couldn't go fishing.
Si el no viviera cerca del río, no podría ir a pescar.

·  If I didn't want to go, I would tell you.
Si no quisiera ir, te lo diría.

·  If they worked for that company, they might have better salaries.
Si ellos trabajaran para esa compañía, podrían tener mejores sueldos.

·  If she wrote a book, it would be a best-seller.
Si ella escribiese un libro, sería un best-seller.

Third Condicional

Third Conditional, también -Type III- Refiere a una situación hipotética del pasado y se forma según la estructura : if + past perfect + conditional perfect.

If + Past Perfect tense

would/could/might + have + past participle

Pluscuamperfecto  +  Condicional perfecto

·  If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
Si yo hubiera ganado la lotería, habría viajado por todo el mundo.

·  If I had seen him, I would have told him about you.
Si lo hubiese visto, le habría contado acerca de ti.

·  If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand.
Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habría levantado mi mano.

·  If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.
Si ella hubiese venido el sábado, la habría visto.

·  If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
Si ellos hubiesen salido más temprano, habrían llegado a tiempo.

·  If we had studied harder, we might have passed the test.
Si hubiésemos estudiado más duro, podríamos haber aprobado la prueba.

·  If you had gone to Brazil, you would have had lots of fun.
Si tu hubieses ido a Brasil, habrías tenido mucha diversión.

·  If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.
Si no hubiese estado tan ocupado, te podría haber ayudado.

·  If you had phoned me, I would have known you were here.
Si tu me hubieses telefoneado, habría sabido que estabas aquí.

·  If they had invited us, we would have accepted at once.
Si ellos nos hubiesen invitado, habríamos aceptado de inmediato.

·  If she had explained me the problem, I would have understood it.
Si ella me hubiese explicado el problema, lo habría entendido.

·  If I hadn't forgotten his number, I would have phoned him.
Si no hubiese olvidado su número, lo habría llamado.

·  If it hadn't rained, we would have gone fishing.
Si no hubiese llovido, habríamos ido a pescar.

·  If my sister had been here, she would have enjoyed this.
Si mi hermana hubiese estado aquí, habría disfrutado esto.

·  If they hadn't drunk so much last night, they wouldn't have felt sick today.
Si no hubiesen tomado tanto anoche, no se habrían sentido enfermos hoy.

·  If he had worked more, he could have saved more money.
Si él hubiese trabajado más, podría haber ahorrado más dinero.

Como en español en inglés se puede mezclar las condicionales. Por ejemplo:
·  If I had studied more before, I wouldn’t need to study now.

Si hubiera estudiado más antes, no necesitaría estudiar ahora.

De + infinitivo compuesto + condicional compuesto:
• De haber hecho calor, habría ido a la playa: If it had been hot, I would have gone to the beach
• De no haber tenido mucho trabajo, habríamos ido al cine: If we hadn´t had much work, we would have gone to the cinema